GC/MS which can be used in the measuring and identifying mostly of all the organic components as (chemicals, insect sides, and any other type of organic pollutants) in the natural water, solutions, petroleum, soil, natural minerals and solid materials.
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) instrument which measures the concentration mostly of all the elements listed in the periodic table with a precession up to ppb.  There are also some other instruments which measure other properties of solutions as PH, TDS, temperature and the concentration mostly of all the anions and cations.